Lessons
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- 01 How a BGP session forms
- 02 Loopback peering, multihop and authentication
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- TCP port 179 and what BGP inherits from TCP
- The finite state machine: Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established
- Active state as a symptom, not a healthy state
- The four message types: OPEN, UPDATE, KEEPALIVE, NOTIFICATION
- OPEN message fields and mismatch behavior
- Hold time and keepalive negotiation
- Router ID selection and manual override
- Duplicate router ID failure modes
- eBGP TTL behavior and ebgp-multihop
- GTSM / ttl-security and why it excludes multihop
- update-source and peering on loopbacks
- disable-connected-check
- Peer groups and peer templates
- Update groups and how peer grouping affects update generation
- Dynamic neighbors and listen ranges
- MD5 authentication and TCP-AO
- Common session failures and how to isolate them